URBAN CLIMATOLOGY
Climatology is defined as the scientific study of latitude it
also deals with the study of variety of climates found on the earth and their
distribution. It is derived from two Greek words Klima and Logus where klima
means slope of the earth and logus means a discourse or study. Cities with more
people their activities in small area providing excellent opportunities to
examine cultural modification of climate. Urban climatology deals about modify
of climate due to urbanization. Atmospheric factor is important factor
modifying urban climate. Urban areas also differ from their area counterpart surface
material, surface shapes, heats and moisture surfaces. In fact this affects
radiation, visibility, temperature, wind, humidity, cloudiness and
precipitation.
In spite of the diminished insulation the centre of typical
cities constitute a heat island that shape and size related to urban
morphology, buildings and industries and that results to urban heat generation
and storage. Near the urban center temperature gradually increases and
gradually declines towards sub urban. Radiation budget owes the blanketing
effects of pollutants diurnal ranges of temperature are less in urban areas
than over country side. The emission of green house gases, exchange of cool air
and hot air by the heat engines and the urban albedo factors are responsible
for the development of heat island in the urban area.
Fractional drag and turbulence increases due to roughness of
city surface which cause gustiness and erotic flow of wind. The mean wind speed
in the city is lower than the surrounding country part. The tendency of air to
rise above the treat island is a possible expansion of greater cloudiness over
city may account impart for greater precipitation.
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